humidity · Pakistan
Jacobabad, Sindh
June peak wet-bulb temperature
Modelled demonstration series · not observed data
Wet-bulb temperature is the number that decides whether a human being can survive outdoors. At 35 °C wet-bulb, a healthy person in the shade with unlimited water cannot shed heat and will die in hours. This station is one of a handful on Earth that has approached it, and this chart is the approach.
75 years, modelled
Same reading, two normals
| Normal | Mean | σ | Pct | Return |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1951–1980 | 30.1 °C | +2.90σ | 99.81th | 1 in 540 years |
| 1991–2020 | 30.7 °C | +2.05σ | 98th | 1 in 50 years |
Today would be the highest value in the entire 75-year modelled series. Past the series' standing high of 32.7 °C (2015). Nothing about the reading changes between rows — only the yardstick.
Documented real-world record · well documented
35 °C wet-bulb — 1987 and 2005 (brief exceedances)
Raymond, Matthews and Horton (2020) identified Jacobabad as one of very few stations worldwide to have briefly exceeded a 35 °C wet-bulb temperature — the theoretical limit of human survivability — decades earlier than models had projected.
The season here
Pre-monsoon June combines extreme heat with moisture advected from the Arabian Sea — the specific combination that produces high wet-bulb readings.
Where this series comes from
MODELLED SERIES — not observed. Parameters set from published Jacobabad June wet-bulb climatology. The 75 annual values are synthesised by the seeded generator. The real-world finding cited separately is documented and is NOT part of this modelled series.
Every number on this page comes from a modelled series: 75 annual values synthesised by a seeded generator from published climatological parameters for Jacobabad, Sindh. It shows how anomaly reasoning works. It is not a measurement and must not be cited as one.
How to read σ
σ counts standard deviations from this place's own normal. The sigma guide · return periods.
More humidity stations
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